Receding gums: causes, risks and advanced treatments

Gum recession is a far more common problem than you might think. It not only affects the aesthetics of your smile —making teeth look longer or "aged"— but also exposes the tooth roots to decay and sensitivity.

What is gum recession?

Gum recession occurs when the gum pulls back below the cemento-enamel junction, leaving the tooth root exposed. The root is not protected by enamel —only by cementum— which makes it far more vulnerable to decay and erosion.

Most common causes

• Periodontitis: Periodontal infection destroys bone and gum.
• Traumatic brushing: Too much force or a hard-bristled brush.
• Dental malposition: Teeth outside the bony arch tend to develop recession.
• Bruxism and parafunction: Excessive forces on the teeth damage the supporting tissues.
• Poorly planned orthodontics: Moving teeth beyond the available bone.
• Oral piercings: Continuous rubbing of the piercing damages the gum.

Risks of gum recession

• Tooth hypersensitivity: The exposed root is very sensitive to cold, heat and sweet foods.
• Root decay: Exposed roots are more vulnerable to decay.
• Compromised aesthetics: Teeth look too long or irregular.
• Progression: Without treatment, recession tends to worsen over time.

Available treatments

Subepithelial connective tissue graft

The gum graft is the most effective treatment for gum recession. Tissue is taken from the palate and placed in the area of recession. Predictable results with a high rate of root coverage.

Tunnel technique

A minimally invasive variant that inserts the graft beneath the gum without the need for long incisions. Shorter healing time and excellent aesthetic results.

Acellular dermis (AlloDerm®)

For cases where it is preferable not to take tissue from the palate. A biologically derived material with results comparable to an autologous graft.

Prevention

• Use a soft-bristled brush.
• Brush with gentle movements, without excessive pressure.
• Use dental floss or an interdental brush daily.
• Attend regular check-ups to detect recession in time.

If you already have gum recession, we recommend an assessment at our Dental Clinic in Argüelles, Madrid to determine the most suitable treatment.